Economic violence reported by observers indicated that men were more often targeted by property damage, but that men and women were similarly targeted for other forms of economic violence such as bribery and economic coercion.
Likewise, reported incidents of psychological violence, in particular slander and defamation, were more likely to target men, who were more likely to be running for high-profile local posts, such as mayoral positions.
Men were more likely to be targeted by physical violence than women; this may be because men were more likely to be running for high-profile positions.
Male office agents were the most frequent victims of the incidents of psychological violence recorded on election day. Women voters, however, were more likely than male voters to be targeted by violent incidents.
As with economic violence, reported incidents of violence showed that women were targeted by psychological violence as part of mixed-gender groups.
There were very few observed incidents of economic violence in the pre-electoral period. This violence included property damage, for example of campaign materials. Most victims of this violence were men.
In observed incidents of unspecified violence or aggression, women were 33% of the victims. Most observed incidents that were reported had both male and female victims (44%).
Women face violence from many different actors, whether from opposition political parties or members and leaders of their own parties, from election officials, candidates or elected representatives, and even from their own family and community members.
Observations should collect data on the common perpetrators of violence against women in elections. Importantly, perpetrators should not be assumed to be always men ...
Women face violence from many different actors, whether from opposition political parties or members and leaders of their own parties, from election officials, candidates or elected representatives, and even from their own family and community members.
Observations should collect data on the common perpetrators of violence against women in elections. Importantly, perpetrators should not be assumed to be always men ...
Violence can affect women no matter what their role is: as activists, voters, candidates, election officials, party agents or observers. While men are also affected by electoral violence, women are differently or disproportionately impacted, even where the levels of violence targeting them may be lower.
It is critical to look at the levels of violence against women as compared to men, and in addition, how that violence ...
