Overall, most reported incidents of violence were economic (36%), threats and coercion (30%) or psychological (28%).
Women acting alone were a small percentage of the perpetrators of observed incidents of unspecified pre-election violence. Most perpetrators were in mixed-gender groups.
There were very few observed incidents of economic violence in the pre-electoral period. This violence included property damage, for example of campaign materials. Most victims of this violence were men.
Women face violence from many different actors, whether from opposition political parties or members and leaders of their own parties, from election officials, candidates or elected representatives, and even from their own family and community members.
Observations should collect data on the common perpetrators of violence against women in elections. Importantly, perpetrators should not be assumed to be always men ...
Women face violence from many different actors, whether from opposition political parties or members and leaders of their own parties, from election officials, candidates or elected representatives, and even from their own family and community members.
Observations should collect data on the common perpetrators of violence against women in elections. Importantly, perpetrators should not be assumed to be always men ...
