Likewise, reported incidents of psychological violence, in particular slander and defamation, were more likely to target men, who were more likely to be running for high-profile local posts, such as mayoral positions.
Men were more likely to be targeted by physical violence than women; this may be because men were more likely to be running for high-profile positions.
Guatemalan law prohibits the sexual exhibition of persons to draw attention to a campaign or political party event. Of incidents of this violence that were reported, women were most likely to be exhibited in this way.
The social benefit programs that had the highest number of reported incidents of coercion also also had the highest percentages of women enrolled, indicating that women were disproportionately impacted by coercion.
An area of concern prioritized in the observation was coercion of voters through social benefit programs. Of the incidents of coercion reported, the programs “Bono Seguro” and “Bolsa Segura” were the most likely to be targeted.
Overall, most reported incidents of violence were economic (36%), threats and coercion (30%) or psychological (28%).
Male office agents were the most frequent victims of the incidents of psychological violence recorded on election day. Women voters, however, were more likely than male voters to be targeted by violent incidents.
In observed incidents of unspecified violence or aggression, women were 33% of the victims. Most observed incidents that were reported had both male and female victims (44%).
Women face violence from many different actors, whether from opposition political parties or members and leaders of their own parties, from election officials, candidates or elected representatives, and even from their own family and community members.
Observations should collect data on the common perpetrators of violence against women in elections. Importantly, perpetrators should not be assumed to be always men ...
Women face violence from many different actors, whether from opposition political parties or members and leaders of their own parties, from election officials, candidates or elected representatives, and even from their own family and community members.
Observations should collect data on the common perpetrators of violence against women in elections. Importantly, perpetrators should not be assumed to be always men ...
